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Indirect tests of memory
Indirect memory tests assess the retention of information without direct reference to the source of information. Participants are given tasks designed to elicit knowledge that was acquired incidentally or unconsciously and is evident when performance shows greater inclination towards items initially presented than new items.〔Rajaram, S., Roediger, H. (1993). Direct comparison of four implicit memory tests. ''Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 19''(4), 765-776〕 Performance on indirect tests may reflect contributions of implicit memory, the effects of priming, a preference to respond to previously experienced stimuli over novel stimuli.〔 Types of indirect memory tests include The Implicit Association Test, The Lexical Decision Task, The Word Stem Completion task, Artificial Grammar Learning, and Word Fragment Completion.
== Implicit Association Test (IAT) ==
The Implicit Association Test is a testing method designed by Anthony Greenwald, Debbie McGhee and Jordan Schwartz, and was first introduced in 1998.〔Greenwald, A.G., McGhee, D.E., & Schwartz, J.L.K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74''(6), 1464-1480〕 The IAT measures the associative strength between categories (e.g. Bug, Flower) and attributes (e.g. Bad, Good) by having participants rapidly classify stimuli that represent the categories and attributes of interest on a computer.〔Lane, K.A., Banaji, M.R., Nosek, B.A., & Greenwald, A.G. (2007). Understanding and using the Implicit Associating Test: IV. What we know (so far) about the method (Pp. 59-102). In B. Wittenbrink & N.S. Schwarz (Eds.). ''Implicit measures of attitudes: Procedures and controversies.'' New York: Guillford Press.〕 During four of the seven trial blocks in an IAT, categories and attributes share a response key (e.g. Bug or Bad, Flower or Good), with the underlying assumption being that participant response times will be quicker when the category and attribute are more closely associated.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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